What’s the Deal With Alzheimer’s Disease and Amyloid?

At the end of last month, a scientific journal pulled a research paper on Alzheimer’s disease.

The retraction came from Neurobiology of Aging, which removed a 2011 paper claiming to show that a version of a protein called amyloid-β was responsible for memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. On its own, that might not seem notable; bad papers can make it through peer review and are only caught after publication.

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But this wasn’t an isolated case. Over the past few years, multiple studies arguing that amyloid-β is the central driver of Alzheimer’s disease have been retracted. Some scientists have even been indicted for fraud over the issue. All the while, none of the drugs targeting this protein and its pathway have had any real clinical effect.

Why does this keep happening?

Beege Welborn

The very last section of the article has some significance for all of the scientific community and the current state of the public's general disgust with them, but I'm not sure the author realizes the case he's made, justifying it.

...We would almost certainly know a lot more about those other potential causes had it not been for the so-called Amyloid Mafia. Scientists aren’t immune to groupthink, and the people responsible for deciding who got research grants and who didn’t have not been at all receptive to proposals that investigate non-amyloid mechanisms.

You were just lucky when you weren’t beaten up by the amyloid-β or tau people if you would mention immunology,” said Michael Heneka, a neuroinflammation specialist interviewed by Nature in 2023. (Tau is another Alzheimer ’s-associated protein.)

Speaking to American Public Media, the former director of Alzheimer’s research at the National Institute of Aging said, “It became gradually an infallible belief system. So everybody felt obligated to pay homage to the idea without questioning. And that’s not very healthy for science when scientists… accept an idea as infallible. That’s when you run into problems.”

To make matters worse, it turned out that much of that confidence in amyloid-β as the one true cause was built on fake data.

Golly. 

If that doesn't sound the teensiest bit familiar...

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